Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis of Seizures and Epilepsy
Accurate treatment begins with accurate diagnosis. Diagnosing seizures and epilepsy requires a detailed medical history, with EEG as the gold standard, followed by additional tests as needed based on clinical features.
EEG
- EEG awake
- EEG sleep
- EEG monitoring
- EEG localization
Gene
- Single gene
- Gene panels
- Whole exon sequencing (WES)
- Whole genome sequencing (WGS)
Brain Imaging
- Brain CT
- Brain MRI
- Brain PET
- Fusion imaging
Special Infectious, Biochemical, and Immunologic Tests
- Include blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exams to detect infections, metabolic or electrolyte imbalances, and endocrine disorders. Advanced testing may also cover autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
Treatment of Epilepsy
Epilepsy is primarily treated with medications. With ongoing development of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) or anti-seizure medications (ASMs), side effects and teratogenic risks have been reduced. Around 60–80% of patients can achieve good seizure control with proper medication use and regular follow-up. Those who fail to respond to two or more appropriately chosen and adequately dosed medications are classified as having drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and may be candidates for advanced treatment after comprehensive evaluation.